Bubbles in Planetary Nebulae and Clusters of Galaxies: Jet Bending

We study the bending of jets in binary stellar systems. A compact companion accretes mass from the slow wind of the mass-losing primary star, forms an accretion disk, and blows two opposite jets. These fast jets are bent by the slow wind. Disregarding the orbital motion, we find the dependence of the bending angle on the properties of the slow wind and the jets. Bending of jets is observed in planetary nebulae which are thought to be the descendants of interacting binary stars. For example, in some of these planetary nebulae the two bubbles (lobes) which are inflated by the two opposite jets, are displaced to the same side of the symmetry axis of the nebula. Similar displacements are observed in bubble pairs in the center of some clusters and groups of galaxies. We compare the bending of jets in binary stellar systems with that in clusters of galaxies. Subject headings: stars: mass loss — binaries: close — planetary nebulae: general – intergalactic medium – ISM: jets and outflows — galaxies: clusters: general